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Zinina Yu.M., Leskova I.V., Melkonyan G.M. [Hybrid political regimes, their typology and classification] Political Science and Technology, 2024, Vol. 4, Iss. 3 Available at: https://politicjournal.ru/PDF/07PK324.pdf (in Russian).

Hybrid political regimes, their typology and classification

Zinina Yulia Mikhailovna
Corporate University of Education Development, Mytishchi, Russia
Federal State University of Education, Moscow, Russia
E-mail: jmzinina@gmail.com

Leskova Irina Valeryevna
Federal State University of Education, Moscow, Russia
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
E-mail: leskova.i@yandex.ru

Melkonyan Gevorg Mhitarovich
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
E-mail: gevorgmelkonyan0@yandex.ru

Abstract. Hybrid regimes are a complex phenomenon in modern politics, which requires detailed analysis and classification. The article provides an overview of the problems of hybrid regimes, analyses the elements of democracy and autocracy in hybrid regimes, considers the preconditions and historical context of the emergence of hybrid regimes. The author determines that there are several approaches to the typology of hybrid regimes based on different criteria and characteristics. One approach involves the classification of hybrid regimes based on the level of political competition in the state. This approach allows us to distinguish such types of hybrid regimes as electoral authoritarianism, competitive authoritarianism and delegated authoritarianism. Another approach to the classification of hybrid regimes is the level of respect for human rights. According to this approach, hybrid regimes can be categorised into repressive hybrid regime, liberal hybrid regime and pragmatic hybrid regime.

Classification of hybrid regimes is important to understand and analyse the current political situation in different countries. The study of different types of hybrid regimes helps political scientists and researchers to identify the distinctive characteristics and trends of their functioning and to develop effective strategies to overcome the challenges associated with them.

The author considers the intricate nature of hybrid regimes not merely as an intermediate form, but as a unique political phenomenon with its own specificity and concludes that hybrid regimes are a complex and ambiguous phenomenon that challenges traditional notions of the political system. Their emergence and evolution require in-depth analysis to understand the dynamics of contemporary politics and to develop effective strategies to respond to the problems that modernity dictates.

Keywords: hybrid regimes; democracy; autocracy; civil liberties; civil society; mass media; response strategies

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